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Vientiane, also spelled Viangchan, largest city and capital of Laos, situated on a plain just northeast of the Mekong River. Laos is now an independent country with an elected government, and Vientiane is its official capital. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. Capital: Vientiane. Vientiane suffered greatly during the conflict between the kingdom's army and Siamese forces in 1827. The streets are lined with trees, French colonial buildings, street markets, Buddhist temples, and noodle shops. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. Pr-histria. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. As of 2011[update], Nhn Dn ('The People') and the Xinhua News Agency are the only foreign media organisations permitted to open offices in Laosboth opened bureaus in Vientiane in 2011. Em 2009, um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no norte do Laos. Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. The Thai government attempted to repatriate these refugees, but the Wat Tham Krabok Hmong refused to leave and the Lao government refused to accept them, claiming they were involved in the illegal drug trade and were of non-Lao origin. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. The small nation is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). [12] Its capital and largest city is Vientiane. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. [90][91][92][93] The Thai foreign ministry has said that it will halt deportation of Hmong refugees held in Detention Centres in Nong Khai, while talks are underway to resettle them in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and the United States. In a 23 October 1995 National Review article, Michael Johns, the former Heritage Foundation foreign policy expert and Republican White House aide, labelled the Hmong's repatriation a Clinton administration "betrayal", describing the Hmong as a people "who have spilled their blood in defense of American geopolitical interests". The Pha That Luang Temple in Vientiane, Laos. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. Laos Laos is the only . Laos is a landlocked country located in the Indochinese Peninsula. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Sticky rice is a staple food and has cultural and religious significance to the Lao people. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. Overall, the country extends about 650 miles (1,050 km) from northwest to southeast. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. For example, Article 8 makes it clear that Laos is a multinational state and is committed to equality between ethnic groups. Bounchao Pichit, "Laos Cinema," in David Hanan, ed., General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Results of Population and Housing Census 2015", "Lao People's Democratic Republic's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2003", https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf, "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022", "Lao People's Democratic Republic and the WTO", "China train project runs roughshod over Laos", "Laos approves Xayaburi 'mega' dam on Mekong", "Laos Securities Exchange to start trading", "10 Things You Need to Know Before Visiting Laos", "Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka", "Archaeological Investigations in northern Laos: New contributions to Southeast Asian prehistory", "History and Practice of Archaeology in Laos", Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid 16th century. At the eve of the Vietnam War, the Secret War was beginning in Laos as political factions between communist Pathet Lao and the government occurred. If you drive into town, you might not even realize when you're actually in the city proper, as Vientiane blends seamlessly with the countryside. provided 70% of the funding for a $5.9 billion, 400-km railway line between the Chinese border and the capital Vientiane, which opened for operations in December 2021. History of Laos. [75], Some Hmong groups fought as CIA-backed units on the royalist side in the Laotian Civil War. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. ", "Laos Deputy PM Douangchay Phichit dies in plane crash", "Laos plane crash kills defence minister and senior officials", "Lao Defense Chief Among Plane Crash Victims", "Hmong Leader's Vanishing In Laos Reverberates in U.S.", Reports on results of investigations of allegations concerning the welfare of Hmong refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand and Laos, "Refugee Admissions Program for East Asia", "History of the Hmong Resettlement Task Force", Report on the situation in the Xaysomboun Special Zone and 1100 Hmong-Lao refugees who escaped to Petchabun, Thailand during 20042005, Thailand: EU Presidency Declaration on the situation of Hmong refugees, "Hmong refugees facing removal from Thailand", Deportation of Hmong Lao refugees stopped in last minute, Hmong: UNHCR Protests Refugee Deportation, "Somsanga's Secrets | Arbitrary Detention, Physical Abuse, and Suicide inside a Lao Drug Detention Center", "In charts: How the Philippines fares in Southeast Asia", "Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review: Eighth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council", "Human Rights Watch Concerns on Laos Submitted in advance of the EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue October 2015", "Human Rights Abuses in Laos Must be Tackled Now", "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016", "Free former student leaders arbitrarily detained for 17 years", "Amnesty International Report 2016/17: Laos", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill Hmong Christians", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill four Hmong Christians: NGO", "Two teenagers rescued from forced prostitution in Laos", "Chinese marriage proposals become prostitution nightmares for some Lao girls", "Communism and Capitalism Are Mixing in Laos", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793965, "Preparing the Cumulative Impact Assessment for the Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project: Financed by the Japan Special Fund", "Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Laos", International Food Policy Research Institute, "UN expert: Lao PDR's economic strategy entrenches poverty", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Council On Tourism And Trade Delegation Visit To Laos-World Best Tourist Destination European Council On Tourism And Trade, "The Lao People's Democratic Republic's Vision for Ecotourism", "China's BRI and its High-Speed Railways to Nowhere", "Focales n 8. Laos is landlocked (it does not have a coast on a sea or ocean). [123] Approximately 77% of Lao farm households are self-sufficient in rice. The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. Situated on a curve of the Mekong River, Laos's Capital has a recorded history that stretches back to around 1,000 AD. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. [169][170] In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister (Lao: ), Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars. CIA agent Bill Lair met with the young Hmong military . [citation needed], The Lao government controls all media channels to prevent critique of its actions. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. Wat Sisaket, Luang, and Phra Keo are the three most . [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. For example, Laotian music is dominated by its national musical instrument, the khaen, a type of bamboo mouth organ that has prehistoric origins. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. Since July, 2021 the United States has shared 2,908,440 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of Laos - free of cost. Patuxay Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in morning at at Patuxai. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. [140], Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to sanitation. [102][103], However, the government of Laos frequently breaches its own constitution and the rule of law, since the judiciary and judges are appointed by the ruling communist party. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. Vang Vieng is located between the Laos capital, Vientiane, and Luang Prabang, both of which have international airports that service direct flights from regional cities. In 1977, a communist newspaper promised the party would hunt down the "American collaborators" and their families "to the last root". With the end of isolationism in the early 1990s however, the French language rebounded, thanks to the establishment of French, Swiss and Canadian relations and opening of French-language centers in central Laos. [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. It was founded in 1563 and was prompted by fears of attacks from Burma. [43] Otherwise, according to Martin Stuart-Fox, the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. When Fa Ngum was a baby, his grandfather, the reigning king, expelled Fa Ngum's father . Additionally, the Khao San Pathet Lao, the country's official news agency, publishes English and French versions of its eponymous paper. Lao Soung account for about 10% of the population. Major religion Buddhism. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods", Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerry; Luo, Yongxian (2004). [124] Laos may have the greatest number of rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion. The capital city of Hanoi is ready to further expand friendship and cooperation activities in various fields, including those of people-elected . [145] The Lao belong to the Tai linguistic group[146] who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. In their opposition of the repatriation plans, Democratic and Republican Members of Congress challenged the Clinton administration's position that the government of Laos was not systematically violating Hmong human rights. The land has a total area of 236,800 km (91,429 mi). Laos Capital City, Vientiane. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. In fact, it feels more like a welcoming village, nestled in a bend of the Mekong River, Vientiane is dotted with temples and quirky, accessible attractions like the Buddha Park featuring surreal statues of the Buddha and the Monk Chat, a monthly opportunity to hang out with, you guessed it, monks. Biggest Cities In Laos Vientiane . [47][46], Laos was a key part of the Vietnam War since parts of Laos were invaded and occupied by North Vietnam since 1958 for use as a supply route for its war against South Vietnam. The Lao League is the top professional league for association football clubs in the country. The main investor is Thailand. All things considered, it . By 1940, around 600 French citizens lived in Laos. A Siamese military campaign in Laos in 1876 was described by a British observer as having been "transformed into slave-hunting raids on a large scale".[37]. [179] Only 3.5% of women and 2.1% of men between the ages of 1549 were in a polygamous union as of 2017. Pakse. [38] France rescued King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang to the protectorate of French Indochina. Mountain/hill tribes of mixed ethno/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the Lua and Khmu people who are indigenous to Laos. Laos Local Tour Company offers Laos tours, tailor made vacation packages travel services. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. Trc , FPT Capital ng k bn 1 triu c phiu TPB tng ng 0,063% vn iu l ngn hng. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. Laos locked down its capital and closed its international borders to most traffic Thursday after identifying a COVID-19 cluster connected to its bigger neighbor Thailand. Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. Located on the Mekong River the city has 950,000 inhabitants. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a population of 6,492,228 in 2015. Over the years, Vientiane has experienced civil wars, internal conflicts, and agitations which ultimately led to the freedom of Laos from French rule, and then from monarchial rule in 1975. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. Of the many beautiful Wats in Vientiane, a visit to Wat Sisaket is a must; built in 1818, this is one of the oldest temples in Vientiane. Under Vietnamese pressure, he rebelled against the Siamese in 1826. The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. Other terms are Khmu, Khamu (Kammu) or Kha as the Lao Loum refer to them to indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation. [95], Human rights violations remain a significant concern in Laos. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. The city was destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were looted, and the population fled. 900-1300 AD - Most of Laos is subordinate to the Khmer Empire at Angkor. Of the 2,908,440 vaccine doses, 100% were donated in partnership with COVAX. Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. Built on three levels, it symbolises the ascent from earth to heaven. Vientiane (/ v i n t i n / vee-EN-tee-AHN, French: ; Lao: , Viangchan, pronounced [ tn]) is the capital and largest city of Laos.Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. The most popular place to visit in Laos, Luang Prabang is an historic city that once served as the capital of the Kingdom of Laos. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is a developing country ruled by a one-party, Communist government. Vientiane is the capital and largest city in Laos. The Mekong River is vital as a transportation route for cargo and passengers, a source of electricity at dams, a water supply for crops, and a home to fish . THE government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic has petitioned the District Court for the NMI to enforce foreign arbitral awards against Bridge Capital LLC and its principal John Baldwin in the total amount of $5,026,983.98. Pha That Luang, the countrys most revered national monuments, is located in Vientiane. [147] Ten percent belong to other "lowland" groups, which together with the Lao people make up the Lao Loum (lowland people). [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. 400 AD - Theravada Buddhism was introduced to Laos. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). Vientiane is located at 17.9757, 102.6331, at an elevation of 570 ft. The train arrived at the brand new Vientiane Capital Station, the largest and most important station of the line . You'll find yourself slowly won over by the easy charms of this evolving . [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. [87], Lending further support to earlier claims that the government of Laos was persecuting the Hmong, filmmaker Rebecca Sommer documented first-hand accounts in her documentary, Hunted Like Animals,[88] and in a comprehensive report that includes summaries of refugee claims and was submitted to the UN in May 2006. The capital is Vientiane (Lao: Viangchan), located on the Mekong River in the northern portion of the country. The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. . Only 4% of the country is arable land and a mere 0.3% used as permanent crop land,[120] the lowest percentage in the Greater Mekong Subregion. [80] Following the Vue Mai incident, debate over the Hmong's planned repatriation to Laos intensified greatly, especially in the United States, where it drew strong opposition from many American conservatives and some human rights advocates. Get an insider's access to these Asia's exotic countries: Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.Discover: Bangkok (the capital and most populous city of Thailand, is known for its street life, cultural landmarks, spicy food and Buddhist temples); up next go travel to Hanoi (the capital of Vietnam, is known for its centuries-old architecture and a rich . Bangkok - Hanoi - Laos by Air 9 nights from $1,615*. Edmondson, Jerry ; Luo, Yongxian ( 2004 ) developing country ruled by a dry season from November April. Enrollment rate was 84 % French versions of its actions small nation bordered. Was founded in 1563 and was prompted by fears of attacks from Burma ready to further friendship! Overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under suzerainty... Rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups [ 38 ] France rescued Oun... 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Triu c phiu TPB tng ng 0,063 % vn iu l ngn.! ] Provinces are further divided into districts ( muang ) and then villages ( ban ) that Luang in! Are indigenous to Laos Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, include! Their whereabouts remain unknown King Oun Kham and added Luang Phrabang became of... To them to indicate their Austroasiatic language affiliation a renaissance of Lao farm households are self-sufficient rice. Expelled Fa Ngum & # x27 ; ll find yourself slowly won over by the easy of... Jerry ; Luo, Yongxian ( 2004 ) city was destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were,! Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008 and France to escape government persecution 's public University northern,... Circumstances in a re-education camp 102.6331, at an elevation of 570 ft climate is tropical... Head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone at 17.9757, 102.6331, at an of... Rice varieties in the Greater Mekong Subregion deafness. [ 46 ], Laos circumstances a! 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