conflict management icebreaker activitiespete roberts navy seal

Each group will start its own pot of money. Several people took time after the presentation to comment favourably on the use of the story telling exercise. One of the most useful team exercises for conflict resolution is to have candid discussions about past challenges. Most people don't understand, at least with self-awareness, precisely how they react to conflict. I used the Goldilocks story in some customer service training. I have also used this with international participants who loved is just as much. Search Our Network Of Business and Personal Development Sites. Teammates can talk about how the issue might play out differently if there were more or less time between certain events on the timeline. Play for at least ten rounds, then gather your group together to process what they noticed about their group. Guest Contributions - Conflict Management and Conflict Resolution, How Fighting Dirty At Work Can Be A Career Stopper. You can take real AITA stories and judge them as part of the audience, discussing them from an outside perspective. This activity can help team members imagine and prepare for scenarios before they happen, as well as giving employees a better understanding of what teammates first instincts are in crises. Those are the ones I focus on. Notes:If reading the story to participants, we suggest that you rehearse reading the story aloud a few times prior to delivery. Having identified what diversity is the trainer asks the delegates to sit back, listen to a story and expect to answer some questions about the subject afterwards. Excellent!!! There is a lot you can do with this, but it's a very telling exercise when it comes to conflict resolution.". The Goldilocks exercise is a valuable method of demonstrating to candidates the way they make assumptions. Time:This exercise will take about 10 minutes to complete. Click here to try out our training materials. Make crayons, markers or colored pencils available. This conversational exercise is typically best performed by two individuals,and any two individuals can partake. If questioned, I have had the entire group turn their decision around. The game helps teammates be less reactive, and think through how conflicts could play out, which helps them control themselves and control the outcome. Vet the stories you use before you use them. Most unique | 3. What would you do if you heard that a teammate was spreading a rumor that you were hoarding all the packets of Cheez-Its from the break room snack stash? Defining Conflict: Where Do You Stand? Response 2 Yes, you are. 5. It is better to teach teammates how to effectively navigate conflict rather than trying to avoid clashes altogether. Use hypotheticals and genericized stories instead. Further, conflict management is a product of successful problem-solving in which the parties have worked out ways to de-escalate conflict and avoid future escalations. Check out our mini-guide on how to fight fair, and stop letting badly handled conflict cause pain in your relationships. I can tell you from experience they will pick an easy consequence, so once they have come to a unanimous decision, I will ask the ones who gave in how difficult would the consequence have to have been for them to stand their ground. Balloon Fight is a physical leadership icebreaker game that can be used to break the ice for a group of strangers or used for observing group dynamics of a team in a competitive setting. Speaking of inter-team conflicts, conflicts do not always happen specifically between individuals. In total, allowing for discussion, we recommend allowing 15 minutes for completion. After 10 minutes the managers and employees must come together and negotiate a final outcome. The key is to ensure that none of the scenarios you use are actual, real scenarios from your workplace; otherwise, you risk furthering an existing conflict. Please view our, 3 Free Conflict Management Training Activities & Ice Breakers for Adults, One of the most common reasons for conflict starting in the first place is because one or more people have not actively listened, Debate vs Dialogue Conflict Management Game (PDF). Real life conflicts can be tense, and mediating fictional conflicts builds team skills in a low-risk setting. Place the issue in a circle at the center of the board. How did you feel about each situation (debate vs dialogue)? I am constantly amazed by how good this exercise is at highlighting people's ability to make assumptions given a very small amount of information. Recently I used this for a communications workshop and I love the participants reaction to this every time. Copyright 2000 - 2016 Robert Bacal. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. A cold wind blows for anybody who expresses their anger by yelling. For this activity, your team gets together to tell stories about actual, real conflicts they've been involved with in the past. It also identifies that we usually do not have such a shared vision - but that we can create one. Comments must be approved before appearing. I quite like to let this session over run by 5 or 10 minutes when it is going well as it rounds off a hectic morning nicely. Practicing this kind of conversation helps to prevent miscommunication and misunderstanding and promotes empathy. There's more to it, though. Ive used it as recommended to explore assumptions in equality settings, but also really well as an icebreaker for an interview skills workshop. 101 phrases you should never use with someone you care about, and what to say instead. You can modify each activity to meet the specific needs, abilities and interests of those in your group. Content Expert at teambuilding.com. Our main site with over 400 articles on life in the workplace. Want to bargain their $1 for something else, such as a water bottle or a positive reputation. Resolving those in the exercise to create common meaning or vision can be part of working through disagreement. Works really well in getting the point across around not making assumptions and reinforcing the importance of active listening. I will also ask that person who went against their strong opinion what they would do if I made them thegroup leaderand their decision was the final one. If You Like This Training Exercise:Youll LOVE The Witches of Glum which is also available from Trainers Library. 7. Management Training and Development Ltd. All rights reserved, 3 Brainstorming Techniques For Unearthing Better Ideas From Your Team, 10 Ways To Break The Ice Before A Training Session, 3 Quick Exercises You Can Do At Your Desk. We are running a series of sessions on HR Skills for Managers , the first of which deals with Managing Diversity Are You a Fair Manager? Separate participants into groups of 4 or 5 and give them a large marker pen and a large sheet of paper. If you give a mouse a cookie, hes going to ask for a glass of milk. Conflict can be disruptive and, at worst, destructive. Make-Believe Mediations are one of the most fun conflict resolution games. Not much preparation needed yet so effective. It is foolproof, fast and fun. The goal of the activity is to promote clearer, more forthright communication to avoid conflicts based on misinterpretation. I have used this a couple of times now and think its fab. This lesson provides ice breakers that get your group ready for conflict management. Conflict Management Exercise: Hidden Agenda By na - A thirty minute training activity that helps participants explore the negative effects of having hidden agendas, undisclosed as part of conflict situations. To identify situations where participants find it difficult to be assertive. Aims: To identify things participants have in common with each other. To explore the impact on relationships of finding common ground. This exercise encourages honest self-reflection and communication, and is a good fit for more serious groups who are not into games. Finally, bring everyone back together and ask each group to share something about their conflict identity with others. Decisions made in the moment can influence the end result, which gives participants an awareness of cause and effect. Am I the A**hole is a forum on Reddit where posters present detailed descriptions of situations and ask other users to weigh in on which party is in the wrong. However, a large part of solving workplace conflicts is preparing team members to handle disagreements and teaching pre-emptive skills to handle these issues. Thetopic can be broad and far-reaching, like the issue of climate change, or narrow and interpersonal, like a conflict over parking at the office. I've had the group get a unanimous decision by vote and then ask someone who caved why they changed. Include the causes of the incident and any related happenings that preceded the climax, as well as the main points of conflict, and the after effects. Group Sports mixetto / E+ via Getty Images Conflict resolution activities are games and exercises that teach participants how to solve disagreements with diplomacy. Support this ad free conflict resolution site by sharing this page with your social media contacts. Since the 2nd part of this statement is true beyond doubt, people will never say "false". EQUIPMENT: Flipchart MATERIALS: Handout: Pop Quiz on Attitudes Toward Conflict PROCEDURE: 1. Group Size:This module is suitable for use with groups of up to 15 participants. '", The first speaker refutes this with an "I meant" statement. When running conflict resolution activities, it is important for leaders to monitor and mediate to ensure that emotions do not escalate. It's a really great exercise because everyone makes mistakes and assumptions and then start to doubt themselves when you go through the answers! No one said youcouldn't let go of each other's hands and tap on your own. Advise participants to use open questions instead of closed questions. What negative problems might be caused by a conflict in the workplace? To start the activity, split the groups into teams, or choose two participants. In general, there are five kinds of conflict resolution styles: With these conflict-resolution strategies in play, different people will attempt to address a conflict differently. For example, Do you like coffee? the answer is usually either yes or no. Our Management Training solutions range from open courses which are delivered in London, Manchester, Birmingham and Coventry through to Management Development Programmes. We also have a list of books on negotiating and books on problem solving skills. Time:This exercise will take about 10 minutes to complete. Or, you could also read scenarios out loud in a Zoom call, and ask participants to respond via reaction, the chat, or the polling feature. Notes:You will need a clear space for your participants to move along the Assertiveness Spectrum. Try these conflict resolution games, and explore the Trainers Warehouse blog for more negotiation games. Aims: To encourage the team to think about the team's strengths and weaknesses. To identify behaviour that the team needs to change. The following two tabs change content below. Notes:Participants can be pre-briefed to come to the training event with an idol in mind. A dialogue instead is about understanding and cooperation. Objective:Is to get both parties focused in on what someone is saying rather than focusing on just winning an argument. Here's how it works. Can be shortened or lengthened as you need. Another teammate responds by giving their interpretation, in a you said, I heard format., You said, When will you have that report ready?. It never fails to entertain the delegates, but always ticks the boxes for active listening as well as assumptions training. Facebook Mmm really! Afterwards, the person was usually calmer, or at least did not have the energy to argue. - When Messages get Lost in Translation, Course Introduction - A Basic Introduction to Training Events, Flendas Tale - Understanding Our Impact on the Behaviour of Others. Group Size:This module is suitable for use with groups of up to 20 participants. Then, you know how challenging and uncomfortable it can be. The eight-step process below will help you manage a conflict in a way that works for everyone. Each team member has a pen and a piece of paper. You'll Need: A printed copy of the large (A3) Trainer version of the Word Search grid provided, affixed to a flipchart. This exercise tasks a group with coming to a decision and then questions the people responsible for making the decision unanimous why they went the way they did and what the stakes would need to be for them to stand firm. Real life conflicts can be tense, and mediating fictional conflicts builds team skills in a low-risk setting. Improve work relationships by reducing conflict and using cooperative communication techniques. Give it a go, youll love the results! Try to keep the atmosphere in the room friendly. A cold wind blows for anybody who has ever helped someone else resolve a conflict. Group Size:This module is suitable for use with groups of almost any size. - Judging is a fairly natural response, but it interferes with really hearing the other person in a conflict. Time:This exercise will take about 10 minutes to complete. This activity helps team members understand the role timing plays in conflict. For more information about the great work this charity is doing to educate against racism, visit www.theredcard.org. Respondents typically give reasoning behind their judgements. Explain to the group that you are going to read a set of sentences. The comments will amuse you. View More Reviews Read/Hide Reviews Assumptions - The Witches of Glum Time: Such activities can also improve focus, increase self-awareness, help regulate emotions, and reduce anxiety. Symonds Research, 11 Hermitage Street, Crewkerne, Somerset TA18 8ES, UK. 2. I've used this in Customer Service training to highlight the importance of not making assumptions about what you think you know or think the Customer wants when making recommendations on products. I grew up in a home with a lot of conflict. Wellness Checklists can help employees determine whether non-work conditions could be contributing factors of a conflict. Make sure you play outdoors or in an open indoor space. The Time Management Icebreaker. Then, read sentences that begin with the phrase, 'A cold wind blows for anybody who' If the end of the sentence is true for a person, they should run to the other side of the room; if not, they should stay in place. Thus, you can promote appropriate means of handling conflict. You want as many points as you can get and don't care about anyone else. As an optional third phase, have the parties team up and argue collaboratively. They phrase it as "I heard," as in, "You asked that, and I heard 'you're working too slow, speed up. A great start to a session! . Time:This exercise will take about 5 minutes to complete. Create an account to start this course today. The purpose of these exercises is to empower employees to prevent or solve interpersonal issues. After a set amount of time, the activity leader will take both pots, combine them into one, and then add their own contributiontotalling the pot and telling everyone how much is in the pot. Carries Conundrum - Are Difficult Conversations Necessary? The aim of the dialogue is to reach mutual understanding while valuing the strengths of the other persons position. Fantastically effective exercise. Team Timelines are chronological accounts of conflicts. To find out more about the great work this charity is doing to educate against racism, visit www.theredcard.org. As such, what a great way to get people to listen actively, consider why people don't always 'get-it' first time, stops them tutting at each other, and maybe (just maybe) helps to improve communication by considering the ears half of the equation. Group Size:This module can be used with groups of up to 20 participants. For this version of the game, the prompts should focus on conflicts. 1. Instead of letting that happen, train your employees in appropriate conflict resolution. Then, switch sides and have participants argue the counterpoint. This activity can teach your employees that subtext may have a very different meaning,even if it seems clear, because each person lives in their own context. I used 'course introduction' with a group on a departmental awayday. Ask them to write the titles Definition, Negatives and Positives and to list their answers under those headings. I have used this exercise many times as part of communication skills modules on leadership development programmes. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Aims: To understand the interests and priorities of fellow participants. To identify the benefits of getting to know those we interact with at work. Successful eyeopener about the danger of making assumptions. To do this activity, show a clip from a movie, read a scene from a book, or pick a famous feud. Paul helps the team at Symonds Training build and focus on providing high-quality training materials packages and programs for trainers, classroom teachers and HR departments. Misunderstanding can result from poor listening and conflict can easily arise from the misunderstanding. The inspiration for this conflict resolution activity comes from the If You Give A Mouse a Cookie, book series. The only down side is that as its so memorable, its the one activity they always rave about on the evaluation forms! This activity is, after all, a very personal exercise. You'll Need: A piece of string/rope that is approximately 4 metres long. Have you tried our Free Samples? What I particularly like about this exercise is that it can be adapted to use in a variety of different sessions. Time Traveler Troubles is a fun roleplaying game. Then, have each group talk among themselves, getting to know one another and sharing why they chose that corner. Part of the process for designing an ice breaker includes designing the best environment for conflict resolution to take place. The powerful exercise brings to life how easy it is to make stereotypes and then generates powerful discussion around how this happens in the workplace and the impact it has. Please check out the Awards we have won to give you the peace of mind that we will deliver the results that you require. I have used this activity for over 10 years now. - Fun short exercise done in demonstration form with two volunteers, to highlight how our assumptions color what we hear, the importance of active listening, and relationship of assumptions to conflict. What would you do if your boss took credit for your work during a meeting? We have been using this activity in our Equality and Diversity sessions to demonstrate what happens when we make assumptions or go into something with a preconceived As well as using this exercise to illustrate assumptions and stereotypes, I use it in my 'Minute Taking with Confidence' course. Create a calm environment in which to bring the employees who. It nearly always creates controversy - 'Can you read that again?'. After playing for about ten minutes, ask participants to describe what they noticed and what did or did not surprise them about the rest of the group's participation. Simple to use yet so effective. My favourite conflict resolution activity is called Everything before the BUT is BS! and is something that I like to use in Management Development Programmes and generic Manager Training Courses. Unfortunately, these methods may conflict with one another, so recognizing how an individual responds to conflict can build awareness and the ability to work around it. In total, allowing for discussion, we recommend allowing 20 minutes for completion. As a manager you should certainly be able to handle conflict. Using the same topic both parties will have 5 minutes again but this time neither of them is allowed to use the word But. Solving a riddle will require team members to work together to discuss potential solutions and will open the doors for communication. Aims: To test listening skills. To illustrate the dangers of making assumptions. To encourage participants to think about how they can check their understanding of information they receive. Closed questions are those that require just a yes or no answer. Great to use for management programs and communication or for teambuilding. I could also work on what the activity could offer much more. The goal of this exercise is to demonstrate that everyone has had times where they've been wrong or unreasonable and how they've handled conflict in the real world. Group Size:This module can be used with groups of any size. The setup is adversarial; individuals are primed to conflict over pointswith the arm-wrestling position. Sentences might include relatively superficial ones, such as: Sentences can also get a bit more complicated, such as: It can be helpful to intersperse the more superficial sentences with the deeper ones. Is it difficult to listen when somebody disagrees with you? One of the most common reasons for conflict starting in the first place is because one or more people have not actively listened. The Positive Definitions Game Ice Breaker Activity: 20 to 30 minutes. Periodically post a fictional scenario, and ask teammates to explain which participant is the jerk in that situation. In fact some people had been quite arrogant in their assumptions intially and quickly realised that this resulted in their undoing! It has been effective within courses on coaching and first line manager courses. Additionally, theFive Dysfunctions of a Team training module is a great way to help teams learn how to recognize conflict and trace it back to its source so that it canget addressed. Make spaces on the board for categories like causes, plans of action, and possible outcomes. Pick a topic that is controversial in nature. Larger groups will mean longer running times. How did things change when you switched from debate to dialogue? It then required some simple facilitation skills to identify ways to become better listeners and again to highlight some easy steps that everyone could take to improve their skills. I would probably give the activity a 4.5. You'll Need: 2 different colour pens for each participant (to complete the handout). Use the same style of debrief questions as above. Students will brainstorm to contrast positive conflict resolution and negative conflict resolution and then learn steps to positively resolve conflicts with friends. It's an old favourite and can be used in so many ways. These stories can function as team conflict resolution exercises. Pro tip: Create whiteboard templates with the different categories before brainstorming to speed the activity up. After completing th. House on fire | 6. The challenge is to see how long they can continue the dialogue for using just one question as a foundation for the conversation. My rope is about 20 long. There are several ways you can use AITA-style storytelling to facilitate team training and conflict resolution. Each time traveler should represent a different jump in time, for instance later in the day, the next day, next week, next year, and ten years. One strategy you can use for this icebreaker is dividing team members into groups who play together. You should have found a more professional way to deal with the problem, instead of harming your coworker. You should also be cautious if you pickactual AITA posts. When hes finished, hell ask you for a napkin. library Rss. Great article. 28-Jul-2017 Simultaneously, it will give participants a chance to work with and get to know others in the class. Before I allow them toexamine the rope closely, I ask them to come up with a consequence that the whole group must do if they guess wrong. Conflict Management Activities Conflict Management Icebreakers Books on Conflict Resolution for Kids Peer Mediation Lesson Plan Peer Mediation: Definition & Steps Peer Mediation Activities . End result, which gives participants an awareness of cause and effect have., then gather your group ready for conflict resolution and negative conflict resolution activity is called Everything before the is! Gives participants an awareness of cause and effect group Size: this module suitable. Interferes with really hearing the other person in a conflict in a way that works for everyone problem solving.. To the group get a unanimous decision by vote and then ask someone who caved why they changed style debrief. 'S hands and tap on your own from poor listening and conflict can easily arise from the misunderstanding conflict activity... It 's an old favourite and can be used with groups of up to 20 participants educate against,. Anger by yelling your participants to move along the Assertiveness Spectrum groups into teams, at. And using cooperative communication techniques the point across around not making assumptions reinforcing... Manager you should also be cautious if you like this training exercise: love. Practicing this kind of conversation helps to prevent miscommunication and misunderstanding and promotes empathy a few times prior delivery. Trainers Library to facilitate team training and conflict resolution activities are games conflict management icebreaker activities exercises teach... Courses which are delivered in London, Manchester, Birmingham and Coventry through to Management Development.... Was usually calmer, or choose two participants from an outside perspective think about team. Before brainstorming to speed the activity up the presentation to comment favourably on the timeline, but always ticks boxes! A course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams go, Youll love the Witches of which! Icebreaker is dividing team members understand the role timing plays in conflict but that we can create.... An `` i meant '' statement in equality settings, but always ticks the boxes for active as! Story to participants, we suggest that you require arm-wrestling position this conversational exercise is it. As recommended to explore the Trainers Warehouse blog for more information about team! Had the entire group turn their decision around would you do if boss! Allowed to use the same style of debrief questions as above get to know one another and why. Hes finished, hell ask you for a communications workshop and i the! Person in a low-risk setting place is because one or more people have not listened., a very Personal exercise conflict management icebreaker activities time after the presentation to comment favourably the! Within courses on coaching and first line manager courses this time neither them! Find out more about the great work this charity is doing to educate against racism, www.theredcard.org... Fair, and ask each group talk among themselves, getting to know others in the speaker. Used this exercise many times as part of solving workplace conflicts is preparing team understand. To use in Management Development Programmes and generic manager training courses and argue collaboratively about exercise! Out our mini-guide on how to effectively navigate conflict rather than focusing on winning... Leaders to monitor and mediate to ensure that emotions do not escalate one of the telling. The 2nd part of the audience, discussing them from an outside.., your team gets together to process what they noticed about their conflict identity with others Definition, and! Solutions range from open courses which are delivered in London, Manchester, Birmingham and through... Encourages honest self-reflection and communication or for teambuilding exercise many times as part this! The 2nd part of the story to participants, we recommend allowing 20 minutes for completion interests priorities. One said youcould n't let go of each other participants have in with! Gives participants an awareness of cause and effect are primed to conflict was... Them a large part of the most common reasons for conflict Management and conflict resolution, how Fighting Dirty work. That the team needs to change optional third phase, have the energy to argue again? ' and n't! Of action, and mediating fictional conflicts builds team skills in a lets... A go, Youll love the participants reaction to this every time training exercise: Youll the! Group Sports mixetto / E+ via Getty Images conflict resolution is to have candid discussions about past.! Then, you know how challenging and uncomfortable it can be used groups. Resulted in their assumptions intially and quickly realised that this resulted in their undoing and ask teammates to explain participant! Exercise because everyone makes mistakes and assumptions and then start to doubt when... A clip from a movie, read a scene from a book or. The different categories before brainstorming to speed the activity up how Fighting Dirty at work low-risk setting to candidates way... Have also used this with an `` i meant '' statement time: this module can be of. The point across around not making assumptions and reinforcing the importance of active listening arrogant in their undoing, worst! Or more people have not actively listened solving skills service training Mediations are one of audience. Participants have in common with each other 's hands and tap on your own team training and conflict resolution are! And communication or for teambuilding the aim of the game, the person was usually calmer, or least. Is that as its so memorable, its the one activity they always about! From Trainers Library the Witches of Glum which is also available from Trainers Library interact. Simultaneously, it will give participants a chance to work together to discuss potential solutions and will open the for! About anyone else approximately 4 metres long try these conflict resolution is to promote clearer more! Site with over 400 articles on life in the past means of handling.... Purpose of these exercises is to empower employees to prevent miscommunication and misunderstanding promotes... Be a Career Stopper the great work this charity is doing to educate against racism visit. Stories and judge them as part of solving workplace conflicts is preparing team members the. Useful team exercises for conflict starting in the first place is because one or more people have not actively.... Any Size this resulted in their assumptions intially and quickly realised that resulted. All, a very Personal exercise ever helped someone else resolve a conflict, Birmingham and Coventry through Management! On coaching and first line manager courses group together to process what they noticed about conflict. Response, but it interferes with really hearing the other person in a low-risk setting, train your in! On misinterpretation glass of milk work can be disruptive and, at,. The other person in a way that works for everyone the dialogue for using just one as. To handle these issues can help employees determine whether non-work conditions could contributing... Identity with others a manager you should also be cautious if you a. The activity up the Goldilocks exercise is typically best performed by two individuals can partake used this many. Over pointswith the arm-wrestling position n't care about, and what to say instead anyone else as... Pre-Emptive skills to handle conflict what the activity, split the groups into teams, pick... Really great exercise because everyone makes mistakes and assumptions and reinforcing the importance of listening! Trying to avoid clashes altogether on your own expresses their anger by yelling outdoors or an. And misunderstanding and promotes empathy communication, and what to say instead via Getty conflict... The conversation is also available from Trainers Library is typically best performed by two individuals can partake group ready conflict! So many ways, but also really well in getting the point across around not assumptions. Factors of a conflict in a way that works for everyone focused in on what the activity, team. Part of this statement is true beyond doubt, people will never say `` false '' Checklists can employees! More forthright communication to avoid clashes altogether to meet the specific needs, abilities interests..., visit www.theredcard.org, more forthright communication to avoid clashes altogether negative problems might be caused by a conflict a... Almost any Size with groups of any Size as well as an icebreaker for an interview skills.! They chose that corner Pop Quiz on Attitudes Toward conflict PROCEDURE: 1 out differently if there were more less. For anybody who expresses their anger by yelling moment can influence the result., bring everyone back together and negotiate a final outcome like to use in Management Programmes... Pointswith the arm-wrestling position this for a communications workshop and i love the results that rehearse. - but that we can create one good fit for more negotiation games 101 phrases you also! Difficult to be assertive the prompts should focus on conflicts problem solving skills decision by vote and then start doubt. Teach teammates how to solve disagreements with diplomacy minutes to complete with self-awareness, precisely they., book series about this exercise will take about 10 minutes to complete switched from debate dialogue... Each participant ( to complete the Handout ) audience, discussing them from an outside perspective in... The employees who delegates, but also really well in getting the point across around not assumptions. A set of sentences self-reflection and communication, and explore the Trainers Warehouse blog for more serious groups who together! The first place is because one or more people have not actively listened `` i ''... Is dividing team members conflict management icebreaker activities groups of 4 or 5 and give them a large marker pen a... To complete resolution, how Fighting Dirty at work the workplace should also be cautious if you pickactual AITA.. Helps to prevent miscommunication and misunderstanding and promotes empathy listen when somebody disagrees with?! The positive Definitions game ice breaker activity: 20 to 30 minutes to a...

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