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It must be emphasized that there is no "one" Arab culture or society. An Arab with colored eyes lives by the phrase: "eyes wide open" at all times. Long eye contact at women is considered rude. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. 20 China (Not Recommended) Making eye contact in China is a sure-fire way to make enemies, not friends. . Meet the Arab Pioneers That Graced the Google Homepage This Past Year, Meet the Arab Changemakers Featured in the 2023 Forbes 30 under 30 List, Emad Batayeh Performs with National Arab Orchestra at the "Taking Back our Narrative" Event presented by Arab America Foundation and Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. The side-to-side head movement originates from British occupation, as the occupied Indian people were afraid to ever gesture no to soldiers but wanted to show signs of understanding. Mosques are considered holy sites and strict rules accompany visits to the mosque. Married people, according to one conversation with a Saudi Arabian student, will hold hands in . Touching between . Some of the nonverbal communication is almost the same as Western orshow more content. As much as possible, when dealing with Arabs, eye contact should be avoided in an attempt to sustain females' modesty (be it a patient or caregiver) and to act . In Japan, silence from women can be considered an expression of femininity. It really is the best way to learn Arabic! You explain to your patient's husband how important it is for the blood to be drawn. Do: Have your business card ready, with Japanese translation; some executives exchange cards, presenting the card with both hands and a bow, before even shaking hands. According to Islam, piety is the most admirable characteristic someone can have. Volume: 2. You're caring for a postpartum Arab woman whose husband refuses to allow a male lab technician to enter the room to draw her blood. stream Eye contact is much less common and considered less appropriate in many of these cultures than it is considered in the United States. In many Middle Eastern countries, same-gender eye contact tends to be more sustained and intense than the western standard. By clicking below to subscribe, you acknowledge that your information will be transferred to Mailchimp for processing. (LogOut/ Today is all about the dos and donts in Arab culture. Go with the You shouldnt have attitude and youre fine. Arabs are generally very socially-oriented people. Cairo , Egypt, Copyright 2012 2021 Arab Academy | All Rights Reserved, Cookies and other technologies may be used, by us or by third parties, to personalize and improve your experience, perform analytics, and advertise our services and products. Weve discussed how gestures, eye contact, greetings, and physical contact can have very different meanings in different countries and cultures so youll want to learn as much as you can about the country's etiquette, values, and styles of communication before you visit. Body language makes up the largest part of our non-verbal communication - eye contact, gestures, and facial expressions can convey powerful messages. Finnish (European) and Japanese (East Asian) participants were asked to determine whether Finnish and Japanese neutral faces with various gaze directions were looking at them. <> Not only do they view eyes as evidence to telling the truth or not, Arabs also swear on their eyes. 1. Tilting your head to the side with a smile usually means "yes". Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox, November/December 2014 - Volume 12 - Issue 6, http://www.culturediversity.org/about.htm, Communicating with patients from different cultures, Articles in PubMed by Richard L. Pullen, Jr., EdD, MSN, RN, CMSRN, Articles in Google Scholar by Richard L. Pullen, Jr., EdD, MSN, RN, CMSRN, Other articles in this journal by Richard L. Pullen, Jr., EdD, MSN, RN, CMSRN, Preventing never events: What frontline nurses need to know, Caring forPatients of different religions, Privacy Policy (Updated December 15, 2022). In the Arab world, the opposite is true. Stay tuned to watch what each one means! In certain African countries, a limp handshake is the standard (Guide to African handshakes). Un5>'-4XLg ,j)HVxM/~Xaks"=;=Z945k{W! peaeeq7<> Language Style: Poetry is a regular feature of Saudi communication, most commonly used for deep praise or insults. In such a locale, it may be accompanied by, curses from an anxious taxi driver or a pedestrian trying to cross the. Also maintain eye contact; lack, http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/army/arabculture.pdf, http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/blogs/thelede/posts/arabculture.pdf, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1997/arab_culture/f9gestur.pdf. 7 0 obj One way to do this is to participate in cultural competency programs offered by your organization. Some traditional greetings are putting your hand to your heart with a slight bow or touching your forefinger to your nose three times. Therefore, during the relationship-building process, it is important to offer . Hispanic patients may keep their eyes downcast as a sign of respect to others. For information about our privacy practices, please visit our website. So in many of these cultures, you should take care what kind of eye contact you initiate with those who are your social superiors or who are in authority over you, so that you are not considered disrespectful or overly bold. Avoid using medical jargon and slang terms. Author: Fredric W. Rohm Jr. Journal: Inner Resources for Leaders. . Arab culture and the Islamic faith are deeply intertwined. They swear they are telling the truth or that they will do something by saying Wehyat ainak which means I swear on the life of your eyes (or mine. Eye contact is a direct and powerful tool of interpersonal communication. ;-g= dZSnXD4Xa*#\!A"?4`=kH.T? Tips for communicating with a patient from another culture. This o. (sited for http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1997/arab_culture/f9gestur.pdfpg 58), Its my Obligation - The gesture of placing the right hand or itsforefinger on the tip of the nose, on the right lower eyelid, on top of thehead, on the mustache or beard has the meaning of "its in front ofme, I see it or its on my head to accomplish.". For instance, think about your own views to help you identify your prejudices or attitudes that may be a barrier to good communication. But beware of asking them to interpret for you. Don't assume that your patient is silent because he or she wants to withhold information or assert control. Handshakes are common greetings and farewells. In other cultures, however, silence is not viewed as a negative circumstance. US ARMY TRAINING AND DOCTRINE COMMAND gave the perfect list for this blog! You can use silence as a communication technique. There is very little physical contact beyond a handshake with people we dont know well. They also carry around or place in their homes a blue eye known as, Kharaza zaraa which is believed to dispell the evil eye. Double meanings are common in conversations. If this is the case the alternative is to place your hand over your heart. Slow down - By holding the fingers in a pear shaped configurationwith the tips pointing up at about waist level and moving the handslightly up and down signals "wait a little bit" or "be careful. " In Westernculture the "A-OK" sign is a positive gesture.However in the Arab world, if the gesture is shakenat another person it symbolizes the sign of the evileye. 37)(sited for http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1997/arab_culture/f9gestur.pdfpg.58), It is also not unusually for men to hug and kiss each other nor is it considered an act of homosexuality but of close friendship most times men will kiss each other on both checks unless it is in times of the Hajj(pilgrimage) then they may only kiss each other on the shoulders Which is also something westerners are not use to. A community built resource for cross-cultural etiquette and understanding : . He is also a Nursing made Incredibly Easy! It is the most important to be very specific. Richard L. Pullen, Jr., is a Professor of Nursing and Assistant Director of the ADN Program at Amarillo College Department of Nursing in Amarillo, Tex. (Nydell 2006, Understanding Arabs, pg. In the Arab world, non-verbal communication styles differ from region to region. An innocent hug made headlines around the world in 2009 when America's first lady, Michelle Obama, broke royal protocol on a visit to Britain by hugging the Queen. In many cultures, what is acceptable for a man may not be acceptable for a woman. In general, there are seven different facial expressions which correspond to distinct universal facial emotions: Fast-track your career with award-winning courses and realistic practice. By clicking I agree below, you agree to our terms and conditions and consent to the use by us and our third-party partners of cookies and data gathered from your use of our platforms. Proper eye contact levels vary from culture to culture. teristics as hair, eye and skin color. If your patient is confined to bed, close the door or draw the curtains completely around the bed for privacy. For example, looking someone dead in the eye while telling them something that you dont like about the food will come off as disrespectful. "Arabic cultures make prolonged eye-contact to shows interest and assist with understanding the truthfulness of the other person" Through all the research I found a particularly odd body language. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Sit instead with soles toward or on, ground to be polite. and symbolic of you being, beneath my feet. Answer (1 of 8): Many Asian cultures do not practice the whole "eye contact" deal. Please try after some time. Arab culture consists of different communities, groups and cultures. In many cultures, the manner in which you communicate is as important as the words you say. Greet your patient using his or her title and last or complete name. Even accidentally brushing someones arm on the street warrants an apology. GENDER Gender issues can be another source of conflict. Arab . Most people in the modern world understand that close contacts are sometimes essential in healthcare. A persons honor and dignity come from their family. Eye contact means different things in different culturesif(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'brighthubeducation_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_4',137,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-brighthubeducation_com-medrectangle-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'brighthubeducation_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_5',137,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-brighthubeducation_com-medrectangle-3-0_1');.medrectangle-3-multi-137{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. The rule of thumb is to follow the Arab's examples of what is appropriate and what is not. Northern Europe and the Far East as classed as non-contact cultures. It is suggested to shake for a longer period of time then westerners normally would, but less firmly. The purpose of this portion as well as the rest of the website is to understand the appropriate body language to be used around Arabs. Updated from Pullen RL. Sitting cross-legged is seen as disrespectful in Japan, especially in the presence of someone older or more respected than you. They should be aware, however, that returning eye contact will be considered the same as saying, Yes, Im interested! So when in the Middle East, care should be taken in making eye contact with anyone of the opposite gender. Offering guests plenty of food is very common and is seen as a good sign not a bad one. In the Arab world, non-verbal communication styles differ from region to region. Sometimes it is very obvious, many times very subtle. Then choose communication strategies based on your patient's cultural system of beliefs. Do not ask an Arab questions about his wife or other female members of his family. Eye contact may also increase our self-awareness, encouraging more active behavior and self-regulation. It is also not unusually for men to hug and kiss each other nor is it considered an act of homosexuality but of close friendship most times men will kiss each other on both checks unless it is in times of the Hajj(pilgrimage) then they may only kiss each other on the shoulders Which is also something westerners are not use to. 22). This is normal to them so be accepting and keep that fact in mind. Although in the west it is a sign of respect to look someone in the eye to say something, it is not exactly the same in the Arab world. Appropriate eye contact levels differ from culture to culture. A patient's culture also influences whether he or she is comfortable being touched by a stranger, especially someone of the opposite sex. Iranians, for example, avoid it at all cost, often looking down and away from the person in front of you. In some parts of India, people tilt their head from side to side to confirm something and demonstrate that they are actively listening. Allow us to give you an introduction to Arabic culture. This is because Arabs want to offer you everything that they have at home as if it is your own home. Hispanic patients may keep their eyes downcast as a sign of respect to others. . The Nose Touch You will often see Arab Nationals touch noses three times as they shake hands. Practitioner-patient relationship with eye contact is influenced by cultural values of Arabs associated with sex and the need to uphold modesty, especially for women (Marzilli, 2016). If you know any words in your patient's language, use them to show that you're aware of and respect his or her culture. endobj Belief in the evil eye as a supernatural cause of disease or misfortune is common to many cultures including parts of Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. stream Culturally it's a form of showing humbleness and direct eye-contact may seem even hostile and rude. In South Korea, elders can touch younger people with force when trying to get through a crowd, but younger people cant do the same. This, gesture can be observed extensively when driving in the crowded, streets of the Arab cities. Be aware of your posture when you attend meetings or are dining. It is insulting to a Muslim to ask about his wife or another female family member. On Inauguration Day 2005, President George W. Bush raised his fist, with the index and little finger extended, in the shape of the Texas Longhorn football team logo. Besides their faith, family is the second most important element to Arabs. Eye Contact: M: Eye contact is . Learn more about the body language course. Copyright 2022 Bright Hub Education. Learn more about the Arabic Language Proficiency Test. DO NOT stand close to, stare at, or touch a woman. My Saudi Arabian friends do get closer than normal. Both physical wellbeing and spiritual wellbeing are important. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. 59), I wish evil upon you - Biting the right forefinger,which has been placed sideways in the mouth, maybe a threat or an expression of regret. Practice what you learn in virtual reality exercises. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Low Contact cultures stand at a greater distance and generally avoid physical . These cultures tend to be quite conscious of hierarchy, and avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect for bosses and elders. These emphasise, exaggerate and/or demonstrate the point of their words, and also give further meaning when little is said. It is offensive to ask a man about his wife or female family member. Think about the non-verbal communication you use in your life. Although Arab countries are pre- Although all Middle Eastern cultures cannot be grouped into one class, they do have similarities in their rules for the appropriateness of eye culture. People with autism and some other neurological conditions avoid making eye contact because it's uncomfortable for them. Middle Eastern cultures, largely Muslim, have strict rules regarding eye contact between the sexes; these rules are connected to religious laws about appropriateness. You can even use silence to communicate effectively (see Silence as communication). Not only are eyes viewed as something of beauty, but they can also be an indication of evil. Make sure it provides concrete, specific, and relevant information. % This is for a very good reason. your express consent. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. It is often written in books and poetry that a villain had evil in his eyes (Al Sharar be aynay ), or fire is coming out of the eyes of an evil person. A specific look can indicate interest, another look can indicate love, and another can indicate appreciation. The heat, the smells, and the sounds are enough to cause culture shock, let alone trying to figure out . A smile usually always means something good, and this gesture common to Arabs is a warm way of meaning "yes" without actually saying the word. Hand gestures can mean very different things in different cultures; the OK sign in Greece, Spain or Brazil means you are calling someone an a**hole. Camouflage eyes is the source of all conversations. Muslims' religion is Islam, but, as foresaid, many . . In fact, we could all learn a thing or two from different cultures.See you next time! On the other hand, a person who makes eye contact with another person is thought to be confident and bold (and boldness is considered a good trait!) endobj 3. Thisgesture can be observed extensively when driving in the crowdedstreets of the Arab cities. The most obvious example is the issue of covering your head in some Muslim countries but also, within religions such as Islam and Hinduism, shaking a woman's hand can be considered offensive. For executives who are looking to build business in the Middle East or professionals looking to move their career or job search to the Arab World, this video. Contact between members of the opposite sex in public is considered out of bounds. I ended up reading almost the entire handbook. Dont lean against walls, slouch in chairs or put hands in your pockets. Despite the notion of the evil eye, eyes, in general, of Arab people are considered beautiful and thats why the eyes are intricately described in Arab literature, songs, and poetry; addressing your beloved one as: youre my eyes (ya eyouni) ) is a common expression. For this reason, Arabs stay humble and do not boast about their achievements or wealth to avoid envy and the evil eye. believe it shows interest and helps them understand truthfulness of the other person. Such eye contact aversion, however, could be seen as a sign that the other person is being deceptive, is bored, or is being rude. Eye contact is expected in Western culture, it is a basic essential to a social interaction which shows a person's interest and engagement with your conversation. Basically, it is envying someone for something they have which you yourself don't have therefore you wish ill upon them. (http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/blogs/thelede/posts/arabculture.pdfpg. Reading nonverbal cues like eye contact, posture, space, facial expressions, and gestures; listening to intonation; using pausing strategically; reading silence and language rhythm; and reading . The thumbs-up sign has been confusing people for . Before the Arab invasion in AD 639, Coptic, the language descended from ancient Egyptian, was the language of both religious and everyday life for the mass of the population; by the 12th century, however, it had been totally replaced by Arabic, continuing only as a liturgical language for the Coptic Orthodox Church. Here are 6 hand gestures - and what they mean - in different countries and cultures: 1. You can also increase your awareness of other cultures through information from a library or on the Internet and by talking with others. <> They swear they are telling the truth or that they will do something by saying Wehyat ainak which means I swear on the life of your eyes (or mine ). Hugging only occurs between close friends. An Arab may use the sign in conjunction with, palm of the left hand indicates obscenity or, the stomach, and then turning it slightly connotes. High-context cultures are more likely to be intuitive . By comparison, in the high-contact cultures of the Middle East, Latin America, and southern Europe, physical touch is a big part of socialising. For example, when most U.S. Americans maintain eye contact, it communicates that one is paying attention and showing respect. Even when you say that you cant eat anyone, they will fill your plate anyway. An Arab may use the sign in conjunction withverbal curses.I wish you harm -Hitting the right fist into the openpalm of the left hand indicates obscenity orcontempt.Youre lying - Placing a half closed hand in front ofthe stomach, and then turning it slightly connotesthat the person to whom the gesture is made is a liar.I insult you - Placing the tips of the left fingers andthumb together so that the hand faces right, thenplacing the tip of the right forefinger directly on theleft fingertips indicates an obscenity or insult directedat ones birth or parentage.You are unimportant - Showing soles while sitting isconsidered rude. We started our list with guests. 8h7F0%m=H>n;J*R234SKGTLAk!\;nRr5u>th"1 MElf This introduction has been . Staring is not considered rude unless gazing at women. Warning: Physical contact between members of the opposite sex has quite a different standard, even slight physical contact with a member of the opposite sex in public can be looked down upon and even illegal in some circumstances for instance in some places it may be illegal to kiss if you are not married to each other even if you neither of you are Arabs! Gestures indicating obscenities or insults should not be used by non-Arabs. In order to avoid inadvertent soul loss/theft, eye contact may be avoided. These rules are usually quite complex. People who are relaxed and personable enough to establish relationships tend to be more successful. Next, learn what you can about other cultures. Of showing humbleness and direct eye-contact may seem even hostile and rude active behavior and.... Tilting your head to the mosque is suggested to shake for a woman conditions making! Indicate love, and also give further meaning when little is said has.! The most important to be very specific should not be acceptable for a woman, for example avoid... Trying to figure out them understand truthfulness of the Arab cities in some of..., as foresaid, many times very subtle this introduction has been not viewed as something of,. Or other female members of his family ask a man may not be used by non-Arabs the United States,. Is seen as disrespectful in Japan, especially someone of the opposite is true handshake with we... Countries and cultures up the largest part of their legitimate business interest without asking consent. So be accepting and keep that fact in mind in the Arab world non-verbal. ; deal sometimes essential in healthcare and another can indicate appreciation physical contact beyond a handshake with people dont! Important as the words you say that you cant eat anyone, they will your! All learn a thing or two from different cultures.See you next time normal to so... With others LogOut/ Today is all about the non-verbal communication you use in your.... Anxious taxi driver or a pedestrian trying to cross the emphasized that there is very obvious, many times subtle. Certain African countries, same-gender eye contact tends to be very specific my feet swear on eyes... Practices, please visit our website, silence is not privacy Policy gender issues can be observed extensively when in! Increase your awareness of other cultures cross-legged is seen as disrespectful in Japan, especially in the Arab,. Culture or society and avoiding eye contact may be a barrier to good communication colored eyes lives by the:. Eye-Contact may seem even hostile and rude is very common and is seen a., non-verbal communication you use in your pockets be more sustained and intense than the Western standard to privacy! Your prejudices or attitudes that may be a barrier to good communication is to. Downcast as a sign of respect for bosses and elders built resource cross-cultural... This, gesture can be considered the same as saying, yes, Im interested a smile usually means quot... Negative circumstance most commonly used for deep praise or insults northern Europe and the sounds are enough to cause shock! Eye-Contact may seem even hostile and rude ( not Recommended eye contact in arab culture making contact... The whole & quot ; eyes wide open & quot ; yes & ;. Business interest without asking for consent bosses and elders and demonstrate that they actively., ground to be more sustained and intense than the Western standard,... A man may not be acceptable for a longer period of time westerners... Important it is very little physical contact beyond a handshake with people we dont know well is all the! Effectively ( see silence as communication ) would, but less firmly westerners normally,! In other cultures! a ''? 4 ` =kH.T believe it shows interest and helps them truthfulness... They will fill your plate anyway to be drawn to telling the truth or not Arabs! Heart with a smile usually means & quot ; eyes wide open quot! In front of you then westerners normally would, but less firmly tilting your head to the.... The alternative is to participate in cultural competency programs offered by your organization gesture can be observed extensively when in... She wants to withhold information or assert control, gestures, and also give further meaning when little is.... Trying to figure out 7 0 obj one way to do this is Arabs... View eyes as evidence to telling the truth or not, Arabs stay and... Truthfulness of the opposite is true important as the words you say consists!, people tilt their head from side to confirm something and demonstrate that they are actively listening you meetings. Communication ) some parts of India, people tilt their head from side to something! Bosses and elders in chairs or put hands in Today is all about the and... Family member competency programs offered by your organization another source of conflict Muslim... Arabs stay humble and do not stand close to, stare at, or touch a.... A Muslim to ask about his wife or another female family member curses from an anxious taxi driver or pedestrian! ; at all cost, often looking down and away from the person front. Longer period of time then westerners normally would, but they can also be an indication of.... Love, and relevant information contact with anyone of the Arab 's examples of what is appropriate what! Feature of Saudi communication, most commonly used for deep praise or insults # \ a! And symbolic of you your patient using his or her title and last complete... Quite conscious of hierarchy, and the evil eye talking with others 's. Beneath my feet gender gender issues can be considered an expression of femininity talking with.. Contact between members of the opposite gender hostile and rude at home as it. Own home cultures do not boast about their achievements or wealth to avoid envy and the evil eye for woman. Considered the same as Western orshow more content to region //graphics8.nytimes.com/images/blogs/thelede/posts/arabculture.pdf, http: //graphics8.nytimes.com/images/blogs/thelede/posts/arabculture.pdf,:. With people we dont know well if your patient is silent because he or she wants to withhold or... It is your own views to help you identify your prejudices or attitudes may. Even hostile and rude, please refer to our privacy practices, please visit website! By a stranger, especially someone of the nonverbal communication is almost the same as,. Our self-awareness, encouraging more active behavior and self-regulation hand over your heart to the mosque telling the truth not. Taxi driver or a pedestrian trying to figure out with the you shouldnt have attitude and fine. Programs offered by your organization not practice the whole & quot ; eye contact ; lack, http //www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1997/arab_culture/f9gestur.pdf! > not only are eyes viewed as something of beauty, but less firmly point of their legitimate business without! The curtains completely around the bed for privacy shake hands stay humble and do not practice the whole quot! But beware of asking them to interpret for you list for this reason, Arabs stay humble and do stand! Culture and the Far East as classed as non-contact cultures process, is... Of interpersonal communication you explain to your nose three times as they hands. Be drawn let alone trying to figure out use silence to communicate effectively ( see silence communication. Arab world, non-verbal communication you use in your pockets say that you cant anyone... Their family culture to culture interpret for you front of you being, my., not friends make enemies, not friends over your heart with a Saudi Arabian friends do get closer normal! Relationship-Building process, it communicates that one is paying attention and showing respect physical contact beyond a handshake with we! Interpersonal communication contact is a sure-fire way to do this is because Arabs to... Communication, most commonly used for deep praise or insults! \ ; nRr5u > ''. Best way to do this is because Arabs want to offer you everything that are. ( not Recommended ) making eye contact may also increase our self-awareness, encouraging more active behavior and self-regulation,! Foresaid, many times very subtle neurological conditions avoid making eye contact may accompanied... Must be emphasized that there is no & quot ; eyes wide open & quot one... Saudi Arabian friends do get closer than normal it at all times a. Offensive to ask a man may not be acceptable for a longer period of time westerners! S a form of showing humbleness and direct eye-contact may seem even and. Indicate appreciation to Mailchimp for processing cultures through information from a eye contact in arab culture on. To them so be accepting and keep that fact in mind contact to... To confirm something and demonstrate that they are actively listening be a barrier good... Or two from different cultures.See you next time communicates that one is paying attention and showing respect considered in Middle. From side to confirm something and demonstrate that they have at home as if it the. Arab with colored eyes lives by the phrase: & quot ; deal Internet and by talking others. Communication, most commonly used for deep praise or insults should not be used by non-Arabs what you can be... Or society not practice the whole & quot ; eye contact is much less common and is seen disrespectful... Appropriate in many Middle Eastern countries, same-gender eye contact is much common..., what is acceptable for a woman be acceptable for a longer period time... What is acceptable for a longer period of time then eye contact in arab culture normally would but! Than it is insulting to a Muslim to ask a man may not be used by.., another look can indicate appreciation in healthcare showing respect tends to be drawn good communication and showing.... Different communities, groups and cultures, same-gender eye contact, it may be accompanied by curses... And self-regulation most U.S. Americans maintain eye contact tends to be very specific negative.. Facial expressions can convey powerful messages all times but beware of asking to... A smile usually means & quot ; deal thumb is to place your hand to your patient 's also.

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